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?©rin de Bouscal, Guyon, -1657

"The Shield"

Jews and converted Jews should not be allowed to serve in the
army and navy either as regular recruits or as volunteers, nor
should they be admitted to military schools.
"II. Jews and converted Jews should not be allowed to take part
in the electoral conventions of the Zemstvos.
"III. Jews and converted Jews are not to be permitted to serve in
the Zemstvos.
"IV. Jews and converted Jews are not to be permitted to serve in
any municipal capacity.
"V. Jews and converted Jews should not be permitted to enter the
civil service.
"VI. Jews and converted Jews should not be included in the lists
of jurors; they may not be appointed or elected to serve in
courts, they may not practice as either advocates or attorneys."
These recommendations are clearly at variance with the trend of
Russian legislation throughout the reigns of Peter the Great,
Catherine the Second and Alexander the First. Peter the Great called
into the service of the Russian government all subjects irrespective
of their nationality or religion.


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