cit., p. 74. Professor Giles adds, _a propos_
of the phrase "maintaining always a due reserve," the following
footnote: "Dr. Legge has 'to keep aloof from them,' which would be
equivalent to 'have nothing to do with them.' Confucius seems rather to
have meant 'no familiarity.'"]
[Footnote 17: Op. cit., p. 21.]
[Footnote 18: Giles, op. cit. p. 86.]
[Footnote 19: Cordier, op. cit. i. p. 167.]
[Footnote 20: As far as anti-militarism is concerned, Taoism is even
more emphatic. "The best soldiers," says Lao-Tze, "do not fight."
(Giles, op. cit. p. 150.) Chinese armies contain many good soldiers.]
[Footnote 21: Giles, op. cit., Lecture VIII. When Chu Fu Tze was dead,
and his son-in-law was watching beside his coffin, a singular incident
occurred. Although the sage had spent his life teaching that miracles
are impossible, the coffin rose and remained suspended three feet above
the ground. The pious son-in-law was horrified. "O my revered
father-in-law," he prayed, "do not destroy my faith that miracles are
impossible." Whereupon the coffin slowly descended to earth again, and
the son-in-law's faith revived.]
[Footnote 22: Translated by the Bureau of Economic Information, Peking,
1920.]
[Footnote 23: Op. cit. p. 233.]
CHAPTER III
CHINA AND THE WESTERN POWERS
In order to understand the international position of China, some facts
concerning its nineteenth-century history are indispensable.
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